PARADOXICAL PATELLA TENDON REFLEX

The Fontana paradoxical reflex?

This commentary describes the "deflation cough" caused by deep lung deflations. Deflation cough is a paradoxical reflex similar to that described by Henry Head in 1889 for lung inflations that probably is mediated by the same sensors and afferent fibers in the lungs and activated by gastroesophageal reflux. We discuss how this reflex must be self-limiting, the general role of paradoxical reflex...

Proprioceptive - Deep Tendon Reflex

Paradoxical Withdrawal of Reflex Vasoconstriction

Acute hypotension is an important complication of hemodialysis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Because hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia can trigger a sudden decrease in sympathetic activity resulting in bradycardia and vasodilation, we hypothesized that hemodialysis-induced hypovolemia also can trigger the same type of vasodepressor reaction, which would exacerbate the vo...

Delayed tendon reflex (a video demonstration).

This was a classical presentation and the diagnosis was obvious. Her thyroid hormone profile revealed a thyroidstimulating hormone level of 151.79 μIU (normal 0.35–5.50) along with a total T3 of 0.31 ng/ml (normal 0.60–1.81) and total T4 of 1.00 (normal 5.60–13.70). In an excellent review of the delayed tendon reflex it has been shown that the rate of muscle relaxation depends on the rate of ca...

Patellar tendon lengthening for patella infera using the Ilizarov technique.

Patella infera can cause knee pain and lead to patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Treatment is usually unsatisfactory. We describe a case of severe patella infera after operative treatment for fracture of the patella. We used Ilizarov external fixation and gradual lengthening of the patellar tendon. The patellar height was restored and the patient's symptoms were much improved.